The data highlighted the ongoing struggle of employees, even two months after the introduction of strategies including self-care, taking breaks, and psychological reframing. This research explicitly demonstrates the contrasts between pandemic-induced telework and traditional telework practices, presenting some preliminary data on the time needed to adjust to these new ways of working during the pandemic.
The online document's supplementary materials are linked at 101007/s41542-023-00151-1.
Supplementary material for the online version is accessible at 101007/s41542-023-00151-1.
Complex disaster situations, exemplified by the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), establish a backdrop of profound uncertainty at a macro level, disrupting global industries in unforeseen ways. Though considerable progress has been made in occupational health research regarding the impact of workplace stressors on employee well-being, there is a requisite need to better understand the effects of employee well-being under circumstances of profound uncertainty stemming from macro-level societal disruption. The Generalized Unsafety Theory of Stress (GUTS) elucidates the mechanism by which a context of severe uncertainty triggers signals of economic and health unsafety at the industry level, resulting in emotional exhaustion through the pathways of economic and health anxiety. We adopt an interdisciplinary approach, informed by recent disaster scholarship that categorizes COVID-19 as a transboundary disaster, to explore how COVID-19 generated a situation of deep uncertainty, resulting in these effects. Using objective industry data, we examined our proposed model by comparing it to quantitative and qualitative survey responses from 212 employees across industries, collected with a time lag during the height of the initial COVID-19 response in the United States. Preventative medicine The structural equation modeling approach uncovers a considerable indirect effect of industry COVID-19 safety signals on emotional exhaustion, channeled through health safety concerns, but not through economic safety concerns. Qualitative analyses unveil further aspects of these intricate operational dynamics. L-Methionine-DL-sulfoximine From both theoretical and practical perspectives, this paper examines employee well-being in a period of extreme uncertainty.
Faculty members' time is perpetually divided among a multitude of demanding activities. Previous academic work demonstrates that, despite the same weekly working hours for male and female academics, women tend to invest more hours in teaching and service activities, and men tend to devote more hours to research. Employing cross-sectional survey data from a sample of 783 tenured or tenure-track faculty members from various universities, this study analyzes gender-related differences in the amount of time dedicated to research, teaching, and university service. Despite accounting for work and family demands, regression analyses indicate a continued existence of gender discrepancies in time allocation. Women's contributions to university teaching and service significantly exceed those of men, whereas men report a higher time commitment to research than women. Across different time periods, a notable and recurring pattern of gender-differentiated faculty time allocation is observed. Further potential policy implications are addressed in the ensuing examination.
Carpooling, a sustainable, economical, and environmentally friendly method, can alleviate both air pollution and traffic congestion in urban areas. Existing regret theories, however, fall short in acknowledging the varied perceptions of attributes and the psychological elements influencing regret, making them unsuitable for accurately portraying urban residents' carpool travel decisions and providing a valid account of carpool choice behavior. Employing an analysis of classical and heterogeneous random regret minimization models, this paper introduces the concept of psychological distance to overcome limitations in current models, thus formulating an enhanced random regret minimization model that accommodates both heterogeneity and psychological distance. The superior fit and explanatory effectiveness of the improved model, outlined in this paper, is confirmed by the results, when measured against the two competing models. The anticipated regret value and carpooling willingness were affected by the psychological distance of residents traveling during the COVID-19 pandemic. The model presents a more nuanced understanding of how travelers make carpool travel choices, and this understanding effectively elucidates the behavior.
Abundant research exists on the selection of students' first postsecondary institution; however, there is a striking lack of understanding regarding the transfer of students from four-year colleges and universities, differentiated by socioeconomic status. Students from affluent backgrounds might utilize transfer as an adaptive approach to access competitive colleges when admission standards become exceedingly stringent, according to this study's argument. Multinomial logistic regression analysis, applied to BPS04/09 data, examines whether transfer functions function as a mechanism of adaptation that might worsen existing class inequalities in higher education. Students of higher socioeconomic standing who initially chose selective educational institutions exhibited a greater propensity for lateral transfer, typically to another equally or more prestigious college. This study demonstrates how college transfers contribute to widening class disparities within higher education.
National security concerns within US immigration policies have resulted in a reduction of international student applications to universities, a constraint on international scholars, and obstacles to facilitating international research. The COVID-19 pandemic worsened existing challenges with the introduction of numerous travel restrictions, the closure of embassies, and heightened health and safety anxieties. Science education, training, competitiveness, and innovation rely heavily on the mobility of scientists. Using a representative sample of US and foreign-born scientists across three STEM fields, this research explores the shaping effect of recent visa and immigration policies on collaborations, interactions with students and postdoctoral researchers, and decisions to relocate. Through statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and logistic regression, we discovered that visa and immigration policies are disruptive to academic scientists. These policies are detrimental to US higher education; negatively impacting the recruitment and retention of international trainees; and driving intentions to depart the US due to negative views of immigration policy.
101007/s11162-023-09731-0 provides access to the online edition's supplemental resources.
Within the online format, supplementary content is referenced at 101007/s11162-023-09731-0.
Diversity-focused openness is a noteworthy student outcome for institutions of higher education, as established by scholarly research. Recent years have witnessed a dramatic rise in interest in this outcome, fueled by growing attention to and unrest stemming from social injustices. This study, employing longitudinal data from 3420 undergraduate members of historically white college men's social fraternities across 134 US higher education institutions, investigated the factors shaping openness to diversity and change (ODC) among fraternity members between the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 academic years. The findings of our investigation revealed a connection between political and social involvement, at both individual and institutional levels, and varied conceptualizations of fraternal brotherhood, including those grounded in a sense of belonging, at individual and institutional levels, and ODC during the academic year 2020-2021. germline genetic variants Though historically white male fraternities have often promoted exclusionary environments both in the past and present, the study's findings propose that engagement in political and social activities, and involvement in fraternities that emphasize a sense of belonging and accountability, may positively contribute to the development of male college students. We earnestly request scholars and practitioners to broaden their perspectives on fraternities, and simultaneously demand that fraternities transform their ideals into real-world actions, actively dismantling the legacies of exclusion inherent in these organizations.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, a record number of higher education institutions implemented test-optional admission policies. The increasing presence of these policies, along with concerns regarding the validity of standardized admission tests as predictors of future success in higher education, has sparked a reconsideration of evaluation techniques within college admissions processes. Although few institutions have developed and implemented innovative criteria for assessing prospective students' potential, many instead continue to emphasize variables such as high school course marks and GPA. Predictive validity of a non-cognitive, motivational-developmental measure, part of a test-optional admissions program at a large urban US research university, is explored using multiple regression. Four short-answer essay questions form the measure, which was crafted using the social-cognitive, motivational, and developmental-constructivist perspectives. The results of our study point to a statistically significant, yet modest, connection between scores from this method and the prediction of undergraduate GPA and successful completion of a four-year bachelor's program. Our analysis reveals that the metric offers no statistically significant or practical enhancement in predicting five-year graduation rates.
Racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and geographical factors create disparities in access to dual-enrollment courses, which offer high school students the opportunity to earn college credit. The utilization of new methods by states and colleges has commenced.
With respect to readiness, including
In place of a stringent reliance on test scores, multiple measures of student preparedness are used to broaden and equalize access.